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Learning disabilities are heterogeneous(diverse) conditions but are defined by 3 core criteria: lower intellectual ability (usually defined as an IQ of less than 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning and onset in childhood.
Types of learning disabilities can include Downs Syndrome, which is a genetic condition where individuals have an extra chromosome 21 in some or all the body’s cells. Learning delays and growth development vary from mild to severe for those with downs syndrome.
William syndrome, which is a developmental delay condition which affects body parts. An individual may have mild to moderate learning problems, recognisable facial features, cardiovascular problems, and unique personality characteristics.
Autism and Asperger’s syndrome, which we will cover in more detail later in this course.
Fragile X syndrome, which is a genetic condition caused by changes in gene called FMR1, which cause lack of a protein that is needed for development of the brain.
And lastly, Cerebral palsy which covers a group of disorders that affects an individual’s ability to move, maintain their balance and their posture.
Individuals with a mild learning disability may only need support with things like getting a job, accessing education, finances, shopping, and general day to day activities
However, individuals with a severe or profound learning disability may need fulltime care and support with all aspect of their daily lives – individuals may also have some form of physical disabilities, which may require specialised support or equipment.
Individuals can complete tasks and activities independently but may require supervision to keep them a safe as possible.
Behaviour that challenges can be attributed to an individual's awareness of interactions, understanding of situations and expressive behaviour due to emotions and feelings that they may not be able to explain or communicate.
Being aware of individuals needs and method of communication is important and can impact on ways of supporting individuals with learning disabilities.
